About 35% production is consumed by human, 25% poultry and. Half of the production consists of white maize, for human food consumption. Understanding the drivers of yield levels under climate change is required to support adaptation planning and respond to changing production risks. Crop occupies the third position next to rice and wheat in area and production. Why maize together with rice and wheat, maize provides at least 30 percent of the food calories of more than 4. Jul 15, 2017 the maize crop categorized as cereal having 72% starch in the grain. Domestic maize production seems to be meeting the local demand for human consumption. Maize needs 450 to 600 mm of water per season, which is mainly acquired from the soil moisture reserves. Maize production trends in south africa 19899019989 26 table 4. Production of own maize seed by smallholder farmers own maize seed can only be produced from varieties which are not hybrids. Green maize, fresh on the cob, is eaten roasted or boiled separately or mixed with legumes. Maize constitutes a stable food in many regions of the world.
At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to widely. Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and winter. Maize, otherwise known as corn, is important to the economy due to its wide range of uses. Introduction maize being the highest yielding cereal crop in the world is a significant importance for countries like pakistan, where rapidly increasing population has already out stripped the available food supplies. The agricultural production systems in india are based upon mixed farming i. Finally, the study concluded by advocating adequate market with good stable prices for maize farmers products that would enhance maize production in the study area and the country at large. About 15,0 kg of grain are produced for each millimetre of water consumed. Scientists believe that maize is derived from an earlier ancestral plant called teosinte. It is widely used for animal feed and industrial raw material in the developed countries where as the developing countries use it in general for feed. Maize zea mays, also called corn, is believed to have originated in central mexico 7000 years ago from a wild grass, and native americans transformed maize into a better source of food.
It is also used to create a variety of food and nonfood products, such as corn meal, sweeteners. History of maize while land plants have existed on earth for nearly 500 million years, maize in the form that we are accustomed to today has only existed for approximately 6000 years. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. Maize production in ghana, is predominantly done under rainfed conditions by poorly resourced smallholder farmers. However, maize surpasses both wheat and rice in terms of productivity. Maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. Production of starch is the major objective of wetmilling industry. America produces 32 percent of the worlds maize crop, making it the global leader in maize production.
Mar 20, 2014 maize zea mays, also called corn, is believed to have originated in central mexico 7000 years ago from a wild grass, and native americans transformed maize into a better source of food. Maize is an important food crop in ghana, accounting for more than 50 percent of the countrys total cereal production. Picture showing a maize plant, b maize corn seeds and c corn silk conclusion from the literature study it was eventualized that the corn is worthwhile not only as food or medicine but even its waste after use has a number of unique importance for animals as well as industries. South african maize corn description 2 page 6 industrial uses for south african maize. Importance of maize as multipurpose crop present scenario 1. Importance of the value chain the maize industry plays a very important role in the economy in southern africa. Other world leaders in maize production include china 18%, the eu 7%, brazil 6%, the balkan area 3%, and mexico where maize is generally agreed to have originated 3%, argentina, india, and south africa 2% each. Nafziger, in reference module in food science, 2016. Importance of nitrogen in maize production total reserve of n in the soil does not represen t the nutrient availability to the plants amado et a l. Soil preparation and planting i seed preparation ii planting and population density 7. Edmeades, progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in maize an update, supported by key references, was originally published in isaaa brief 44 as a special feature to highlight the enormous global importance of the drought tolerance trait, which virtually no crop or farmer in the world.
Currently almost half of the production consists of white maize, for human food consumption source. The objective of this chapter is to ascertain the production and processing methods of maize. Hybrid maize seed production manual 2 from thinning and topping and dry maize stalks and other residues can also be fed to animals. Relevant initial conditions for maize production in this section, we summarize the total production of cereal crops, the relative importance of maize as a food crop, the trends in maize production quantity, area harvested, and yield over the last 20 years, and gaps between actual and potential yields for the six countries. In 2019, maize production for sierra leone was 25 tonnes. It takes 1 plantation b growth stage of maize major growth stage of maize is to. Maize is the most abundant crop grown in the united states. The production and processing are two important activities in the maize value chain. Hybrid varieties are made by planting two varieties in the same field, allowing only the male parent to produce. Oct 12, 2018 understanding the drivers of yield levels under climate change is required to support adaptation planning and respond to changing production risks. These two areas are presented in two different sections in this chapter. Section a deals with the maize production at global, national, state. There is a particular focus on the role of the private sector. Maize was domesticated in mesoamerica, in the region that is now mexico.
At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to widely different. The same criteria or standards can be applied to maize to judge its importance as cereal crop. However, overall maize production in the country has remained relatively stable both in. Livestock production is the backbone of indian agriculture and a source of employment and ultimate livelihood for 70% of the population in rural areas.
Maize is the most widely distributed crops of the world. The remainder of the provinces contributed less than 5% each to the total maize production in the country during the year under consideration. The maize value chain in tanzania food and agriculture. Maize also forms the basis for the production for most animal feeds in nigeria. Maize is also a key ingredient in animal feed and is used extensively in industrial products, including the production of biofuels. Maize is an important cereal in many developed and developing countries of the world. In demanddriven technologies for sustainable maize production in west and central africa, ed.
This chapter deals mainly with largescale highly mechanized maize production, with a primary goal on livestock feed. Progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in. Maize also known as indian corn or simply as corn, is a food crop of considerable importance in many parts of the world, especially in the u. The production of maize oil is then very dependent on the demand for the starch component. Dec 15, 2016 maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. The production of maize in south africa is concentrated in the north west, free state. Maize is usually thought of as a food crop, but certain varieties are suited to being forage crops because they produce very high yields of plant material when cut while still green and are very high in energy because of the maize seed which is in an early intermediate stage of maturity. Maize production per province during the 200809 production years can be summarized in figure 2 below. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. Maize has been of great importance in providing food for man, feed for livestock and raw materials for some agrobased industries. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption.
Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. Importance of maize as multipurpose crop biotech articles. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. Important weeds in maize article university of pretoria. As production and diversification of maize increases, industrial use of maize will also become important in the country. The ease with which maize can be dried, stored, and transported has made it a major source of energy for animal food and. A companion paper will focus on the more traditional. Maize stalks are also used as fuel wood and for construction purposes.
The global importance of maize diversity future of food. Maize contains approximately 72% starch, 10% protein, and 4% fat, supplying an energy density of 365 kcal100 g and is grown throughout the world, with the united states, china, and. Maize is often consumed indirectly in the form of eggs, corn syrup, milk and cheese products, beef and pork, but is commonly a staple food in developing countries, providing food for 900. Economic importance it is staple human food, feed for livestock, for fermentation and many industrial uses. Kenyans consume maize in a wide variety of ways ugali, porridges and beer. It is an agricultural commodity that provides an option for import under the agreement of asean free trade area afta. One aspect that received intensified research attention in the last three or four decades is the genetic enhancement of early and extraearly maturing germplasm. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption ranum. An overview of cultivation to processing abstract maize zea mays l. The ghana grains development project 19791997 and the food crops development project 20002008 made major investments to improve maize yield. Approximately 1012 million tons of maize is produced in south africa annually on moreorless 2.
Maize production, economic analysis, peasant farmers. It is a basic stable for large population groups particularly in developing countries fao and ilo, 1997. Nutritional, medicinal and economical importance of corn. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. Gustavo henrique demari, ivan ricardo carvalho, maicon nardino, vinicius jardel szareski, simone morgan dellagostin, tiago corazza da rosa, diego nicolau follmann, manoela andrade monteiro, claudir jose basso, tiago pedo, tiago zanatta aumonde and paulo d.
Maize yield trends and agricultural policy in east africa. Maize contains approximately 72% starch, 10% protein, and 4% fat, supplying an energy density of 365 kcal100 g and is grown throughout the world, with the united states, china, and brazil being the top three. Though sierra leone maize production fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 2000 2019 period ending at 25 tonnes in 2019. Maize is primarily used as feed for livestock, suggesting the dependence of the livestock industry on corn production. Grain sa, 2014 successful cultivation of maize depends largely on the efficacy of weed control. Maize production variables included in the empirical maize production function model 73 table 5. The maize supply in ghana has been increasing steadily over the past few years with an average supply at 1.
Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states in 2014. Smallholder farmers account for a significant maize production of 70% in ghana and are mainly in the brong ahafo, ashanti, eastern, northern, upper east, and upper west regions of ghana. Usa, china, brazil, mexico, india, romania, philippines, indonesia are some of important countries cultivate maize crop. The organized seed production in the country becomes possible with formation of national seed corporation nsc during 1963, which paved the way for sound seed industry to come. Physiology of maize chapter 5 maize cudtivation chapter chapter chapter i climatic requirements 11 soils 6. The importance of farm records in agricultural production. Importance of nitrogen in maize production international. At maturity, each plant will have consumed 250 l of water.
The global demand for maize imports continues to increase. The two byproducts of the process are the assorted feed production and the edible oil. Technical considerations for maize flour and corn meal forti. Mesoamerica, maize alone contributes over 20% of food calories. Increasing demand and production shortfalls in global maize supplies have worsened market volatility and contributed to surging global maize prices. Hybrid varieties are made by planting two varieties in the same field, allowing only the male parent to produce pollen, and harvesting the seed only from the female parent. Diverging importance of drought stress for maize and. Maize is an agricultural commodity of economic importance as a raw material for food and feed industries. Importance of any crop can be judged by its area, production utilization and share in trade. Global importance and production of maize according to the united nations food and agriculture organizations fao faostat, 2012, the world area of maize production was 176 million ha while that of wheat was 216 million ha and rice at 184 million ha during 2012. The maize crop categorized as cereal having 72% starch in the grain. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1.
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